LEARN ARABIC

The letter baa ب is the second letter of Arabic alphabets. Here you will learn how to pronounce baa ب and how to write baa ب . You will also learn the different shapes of letter baa ب with examples.

Equivalent of letter baa ب in English

The letter baa ب equivalent in English is letter B. It has “b” phonics.

It is unique in it self as it has one dot under it.

As in Arabic letters dots n position of dot is very important as it can make big difference. You will learn it more in later posts as you will learn other Arabic letters.

How to pronounce baa ب

How to write letter baa ب

Different shapes of baa ب

final	middle	starting	isolated
ـب	ـبـ	بـ	ب

Examples of ba ب in isolated shape:

بَاب (Bab) – Door

كِتَاب (kitab) – Book

َشَرب (sharab) – Drink

Examples of ba بـ in starting shape:

بَشّر (bashar) – Human

بَقَر (bakar) – Cow

بَارِد (Barid) – Cold

Examples of ba ـبـ in middle shape:

عَصَبَة (‘asabah) – League, association

رُكْبَة (rukba) – Knee

نَبَات (nabat) – Plant

Examples of ba ـب in final shape:

كَتَبَ (kataba) – He wrote

كُتُب (Kutub) – Books

تَحَبُّب (Tahabbub) – Falling in love

Articulation Point of ba ب

Letter “p” in Arabic:

Arabic does not has letter equivalent to ‘P‘ so Arab use ‘B‘ instead of ‘P’ like for word “Pakistan” Arab say “باكستان“

Ba ب is a moon letter

The distinction of “sun letters” (حروف الشمس) and “moon letters” (حروف القمر) is fundamental in determining the pronunciation of the definite article “ال” (al) when it precedes certain consonants in Arabic.

When the definite article “ال” is added to a word starting with a sun letter, a seamless assimilation occurs. For example, “الشمس” (ash-shams) means “the sun,” with the “l” sound smoothly blending into the following “sh.”

When the definite article “ال” is applied to words starting with moon letters, the “l” sound remains distinct. For instance, “القمر” (al-qamar) signifies “the moon,” with the “l” sound clearly separate from the following “q.”

Arabic speakers naturally apply these rules in everyday language. The distinction is evident in phrases such as “البيت” (al-bayt) for “the house”

So baa “ب“ is a moon letter

The letter “ب” (tha) in Arabic is indeed a moon letter. When the definite article “ال” (al) is prefixed to a word beginning with ” ب,” assimilation does not occurs, and the “l” sound of “al” does not combines with the “b” sound of “ب.”

Examples of baa as moon letter:

1. البَيْتُ (al-baytu) – The house
2. البَحْرُ (al-bahru) – The sea
3. البَنَانُ (al-bananu) – The banana
4. البُرْجُ (al-burju) – The tower
5. البَلَدُ (al-baldu) – The country
6. البَيْضَاءُ (al-bayda’u) – The white (feminine)
7. البَسْمَةُ (al-basmatu) – The smile
8. البَارِدُ (al-baridu) – The cold
9. البَقَرَةُ (al-baqaratu) – The cow
10. البَسْمَلَةُ (al-basmala) – The phrase “In the name of Allah.”

Characteristics of letter baa ب

The traits of the letters set them apart from other letters that have the same articulation point.
The proper use of the letter characteristics clarifies the letters and explains the different timings of the saakin letters, which is a crucial concept.
It is evident from examining the qualities which letters have strong and weak makeup. This indicates that examining the qualities of the letters and how they are used is a crucial component.

Letters can be categorized according to what sets them apart:

• Contrasting Characteristics in Letters (الصِفَاتُ المُتَضادَة): These letters have different qualities.

• Letters with Distinctive Qualities: These lack diametrically opposed elements.

Characteristics of Arabic Letters with Contrasting Attributes (الصِفَاتُ المُتَضادَة)

Arabic letter baa ب has following Contrasting Attributes :

LETTERS	1. Al Hams – الْهَمْسُ / al Jahr – الجَهْرُ	2. Ash-shidda – الشِّدَّةُ/al baynya – البَينية/ ar Rakhawa – الرَّخَاوَةُ	3. Al-istiala – الاِسْتِعَلاءُ / al-istifal – الاسْتِفَالُ	4. Al-itbaq الإِطْبَاق /. Al infitah الإِنْفِتَاح	5. Al-idhlaq الإِذْلاقُ /. Al ismat الإِصْمَات
baa ب	al Jahr – الجَهْرُ	Ash-shidda – الشِّدَّةُ	al-istifal – الاسْتِفَالُ	Al infitah الإِنْفِتَاح	Al-idhlaq الإِذْلاقُ

Characteristics of Arabic Letters with Distinctive Attributes (الصِفَات غَيْر المُتَضادَة)

Arabic letter baa ب has following Distinctive Attributes :

1. As-Safeer (الصَفِير)	2. Al-Qalqala (القَلْقَلَة)	3. Al-leen – اللِّيْن	4. Al inhiraf – الإِنْحِراف	5. At-takreer – التَّكْرِير	6. At tafashee – التَّفَشِي	7. Al istitala  – الإِسْتِطَالَة	8. Al gunna – غُنّه
————-	yes	————	————	————	————	————–	————

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Complete letters:

ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن وه ء ى

Understanding Arabic question words is essential for effective communication and language acquisition. In this article, we will delve into the world of Arabic interrogative words, exploring their meanings and usage.

List of Arabic Question Words

Interrogative words	Arabic word	Example in English	Example in Arabic
what {pronoun}	ما	What is your name?	ما اسمك؟
what{pronoun}	ماذا	You did what?	انت فعلت ماذا؟
question particle that can be answered with a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’:	أ؟ \ هل؟	Isn’t that true? Are you crazy?	أ ليس كذلك؟ هل أنت مجنون؟
who	من	Who helps me?	من يساعدني؟
how	كيف	How did he eat?	كيف أكلت؟
when	متى	When are you going to marry me?	متى تزوجني؟
why	لماذا	Why did you leave?	لماذا تركت؟
where	أين	From where?	من أين؟
how much / how many	كم	How old are you?	كم عمرك؟
whose	لمن	Whose is this?	لمن هذا؟
which	أي	Which type?	اي نوع؟

Arabic interrogative words play a crucial role in forming questions, allowing speakers to gather information and engage in meaningful conversations. Familiarize yourself with these words and incorporating them into your language practice . You can enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Arabic. So, whether you’re a language learner or someone looking to deepen their understanding of Arabic. Exploring interrogative words is a valuable step towards mastering Arabic which is a fascinating language.

Muslims all throughout the world regularly use the following Islamic expressions. Muslims seem to express themselves religiously in many aspects of daily life, from basic greetings to making plans for the future. A selection of the most common Arabic phrases Allah are included in the below. I hope this helps you become familiar with some Arabic terms.

1.A-ozu billahi mena shaitaan Arrajeem (أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم):

Translation: I seek refuge in Allah from the cursed Satan “shaitan”.

Significance: This phrase is used mainly when feeling unsafe or before entering unsafe places, or when scared by something (a bad dream …).

2.Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim (بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم):

Translation: “In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.”

Significance: This phrase is recited at the beginning of each chapter (Surah) in the Quran. It serves as a reminder of Allah’s mercy and compassion, emphasizing the importance of seeking His blessings and guidance in all endeavors. It is also read before starting any job in order to seek Allah’s mercy.

3.Alhamdulillah (الحمد لله):

Translation: “Praise be to Allah.”

Significance: This expression of gratitude is frequently use in daily life and prayers. It acknowledges that all praise and thanks are due to Allah, recognizing His role as the ultimate source of blessings.

4.Allahu Akbar (الله أكبر):

Translation: “Allah is the Greatest.”

Significance: This Arabic phrases is often use to express the greatness, supremacy, and majesty of Allah. It is commonly recite in various contexts, including during prayers and moments of awe or amazement.

5.SubhanAllah (سبحان الله):

Translation: “Glory be to Allah” or “Allah is free from imperfections.”

Significance: This phrase is a form of praise and acknowledgment of Allah’s perfection and holiness. It is utter in moments of admiration, wonder, or when acknowledging the beauty of Allah’s creation.

6.Ashokrulillah (الشكر لله):

Translation: Thanks to Allah.

Significance: This phrase is use usually to express satisfaction, or after having finished eating… or if someone asks you how you are and you want to express that you’re satisfy.

7.Alhamdulillah w Ashokrulillah (الحمد لله و الشكر لله):

Translation: Praise and Thanks to Allah.

Significance: This phrase is use usually to express satisfaction, or after having finish eating… or if someone asks you how you are and you want to express that you’re satisfy.

8.Mashallah (ما شاء الله):

Translation: What Allah wishes.

Significance: This phrase used to express amazement almost like Subhanallah except that Mashallah is mainly for positive amazement, like if someone tells you “I have a daughter and she is 9” you can simply reply “mashallah” then add something if you want.

9.Inshallah (إن شاء الله):

Translation: If Allah wills.

Significance: This phrase is usually use to refer to planning to do a future action, I will do this … if Allah wills it.

10.Rahimakallah. رحمك الله

Translation: May Allah have mercy on you, or May Allah bless you, the equivalent of “bless you”.

Significance: This phrase is use when you sneeze, it is said after someone sneezes.

11.Yarhamuka Allah (يرحمك الله):

Translation: May Allah have mercy on you “bless you”.

Significance: This phrase is often recite in reply to same as the one above, and used in the same situations.

12.Yahdikumu Allah wa Yuslihu balakum (يهديكم الله و يصلح بالكم):

Translation: May Allah guide you and set your affairs right.

Significance: This is use usually as an answer to someone who said “Rahimakallah” or “Yarhamuka Allah” to you after you sneezed.

13.Inna Lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji’un (إِنَّا لِلَّٰهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ):

Translation: “Surely, we belong to Allah and to Him shall we return.”

Significance: This phrase is often recite in times of difficulty, loss, or grief. It reflects the acknowledgment of life’s transient nature and the belief that ultimately, all beings belong to Allah and will return to Him.

14.La ilaha illallah (لا إله إلا الله):

Translation: “There is no god but Allah.”

Significance: This fundamental declaration of monotheism is the core tenet of Islamic faith. Uttered in the Shahada, the Islamic declaration of faith, it emphasizes the oneness of Allah and the rejection of any partners or rivals.

15.Muhammadun Rasulu Allah (محمد رسول الله):

Translation: Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.

Significance: This fundamental declaration usually comes after La ilaha illa Allah.

16.Astagfirullah (أستغفر الله):

Translation: “I seek forgiveness from Allah” or “May Allah forgive me.”

Significance 1: This phrase is used to seek forgiveness for one’s sins and shortcomings. It reflects the humility and repentance of a believer turning to Allah for pardon.

Significance 2: This phrase is commonly used when you think you did something wrong (a sin, cursed …).

17.Bismillah Awaluhu wa Akhiruhu (بسم الله أوله و أخره):

Translation: In the name of Allah, at its beginning and at its end.

Significance: This phrase is used mainly when someone forgets to say Bismillah before starting a meal and remembers that in the middle of the meal.

18.Jazaka Allahu Khairan (جزاك الله خيرا):

Translation: May Allah reward you with all good. 

Significance: This phrase is said when someone does something good to you (gives you something, helps you with something …)

19.Assalamu Alaikom (السلام عليكم):

Translation: Peace be upon you.

Significance: This phrase is a way of greetings use more widely and can be the equivalent of “hi, hello, good morning/ afternoon/ evening, good-bye, bye …) so it’s basically a way to greet and can be use in farewells.

20.Assalamu Alaikom warahmatu Allahi wa barakatuhu (السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته):

Translation: Peace be upon you and Allah’s mercy and blessings.

Significance: This is a full equivalent of the above mentioned greeting “Assalamu Alaikom”. If is consider to be more polite and more rewarding to use it.

21.Baraka Allahu fika (بارك الله فيك):

Translation: May Allah bestow his blessings on you.

Significance: This phrase is use to wish someone blessings from Allah especially in return to a favor done by that person, the equivalent to “thank you very much”.

22.Tawakkalna ala Allah (توكلنا على الله):

Translation: I place my “absolute” trust on Allah. 

 Significance: This phrase is use before doing something, just like “bismillah”, they can even be use together. Used often when driving.

23.Ya Allah! (يا ألله):

Translation: Oh Allah! 

 Significance: This phrase is usually to ask Allah something. Sometimes used while doing something, like when lifting something heavy you say it to ask Allah for power, or if you’re in pain and you ask Allah to give you strength to bear that pain.

25.Ya Rab! (يا رب):

Translation: Oh Allah!

Significance: This phrase is used the same way as the one above “Ya Allah”. No difference at all.

25.Allahu A’lam (الله أعلم):

Translation: Allah knows best.

Significance: This Arabic phrases Allah is said when not sure about something, or simply don’t know, could be the equivalent of “I don’t know.” “is it going to rain tomorrow?” – Allahu A’lam!

These Arabic phrases Allah from the Quran encapsulate the spiritual essence of Islam and have a profound impact on the daily lives and practices of millions of people around the world. They serve as a constant reminder of the importance of faith, gratitude, and submission to the will of Allah.

In Arabic-speaking cultures, conveying good wishes for a peaceful night is a gesture that reflects kindness and consideration. The phrase commonly used to wish someone a good night in Arabic is

Good Night

“تصبح على خير” ( Tusbih ‘ala khayr)

Let’s explore the significance of this expression and the cultural context surrounding the notion of bidding someone a restful evening.

When a day starts it never move towards night directly. Instead it moves gradually , evening comes first before night. Good evening in Arabic is

Good evening/Good Afternoon

{masa’ alkhayr}مساء الخير

In Arabic, there are various ways to say “good night,” and the choice of expression can depend on the level of formality, the region, or personal preference. Here are 10 ways to convey good night in Arabic:

1. تصبح على خير (Tusbih ‘ala khayr)
2. تصبح على خير وعافية (Tusbih ‘ala khayr wa ‘afiya)
3. ليلة سعيدة (Laylat sa’ida)
4. أحلام سعيدة (Ahlam sa’ida)
5. نحلم بكرة (Nahlam bokra)
6. وداعًا لليوم (Wada’an lil-yawm)
7. تحلم بالخير (Tuḥlam b-al-khayr)
8. مساء الخير وليلة هانئة (Masa’ al-khayr wa layla hani’a)
9. أسماء طيبة (Asma’ tayyiba)
10. روح النوم (Ruh al-nawm)

1.تصبح على خير (Tusbih ‘ala khayr):

This is a common and widely used phrase to wish someone a good night. It’s a versatile expression suitable for both formal and informal situations.

2.تصبح على خير وعافية (Tusbih ‘ala khayr wa ‘afiya):

This variation adds the element of well-being, expressing not only a wish for a good night but also for health and safety.

3.ليلة سعيدة (Laylat sa’ida):

Translating to “happy night,” this phrase is used to wish someone a pleasant and joyful night. It emphasizes the idea of happiness during the evening.

4.أحلام سعيدة (Ahlam sa’ida):

This expression means “sweet dreams” and is a warm way to wish someone a restful night with pleasant dreams.

5.نحلم بكرة (Nahlam bokra):

This phrase, meaning “dream of tomorrow,” is a poetic way of wishing someone a good night, with the implication of looking forward to the coming day.

6.وداعًا لليوم (Wada’an lil-yawm):

Translating to “farewell for today,” this phrase is a more formal way to bid someone good night, often used in professional or business settings.

7.تحلم بالخير (Tuḥlam b-al-khayr):

This expression means “dream of goodness” and is another way to convey best wishes for a peaceful and positive night.

8.مساء الخير وليلة هانئة (Masa’ al-khayr wa layla hani’a):

Combining “good evening” with “pleasant night,” this phrase offers a comprehensive wish for a good night and is often used in a friendly context.

9.أسماء طيبة (Asma’ tayyiba):

Translating to “good names,” this phrase is a poetic way to wish someone a night filled with good thoughts and positive reflections.

10.روح النوم (Ruh al-nawm):

Meaning “the spirit of sleep,” this expression conveys a wish for a serene and tranquil night of rest.

Final Thoughts

When choosing which phrase to use, consider the context of the conversation, your relationship with the person, and the level of formality appropriate for the situation. Each expression carries its own nuances and contributes to the cultural richness of Arabic language and communication.

The dawn of a new day is a universal spectacle, but the beauty lies not just in the rising sun but in the way we greet the morning. In the enchanting world of Arabic language and culture, the expression “Good morning” carries a special warmth and significance.

This post will explore the various ways to say “Good Morning” in Arabic, ranging from the more conventional and generic greetings to the dramatic and flowery expressions that are typical in Arab culture.

1. Sabaho ( صباحو ) “Morning”

Short for “Sabah El Kheir” or “Sabah El Noor,” “Sabaho” is an informal greeting. “Sabaho” literally means “Morning,” and it can be used in the same sense as the more casual “Morning” greeting, which is said by English speakers. “Sabaho” is a term that people in an Arabic-speaking nation would use casually around friends and relatives.

2. Sabah el kheir ( صباح الخير ) “Good morning”

The most popular method to greet someone in Arabic in the morning is “Sabah El Kheir.” It means “good morning” or “morning of goodness” in literal translation and is used in both formal and casual contexts.

This classic Arabic greeting is used by those who speak the language all over the world and in practically every Arab nation. Arabic native speakers greet one another in the morning with “Sabah El Kheir,” which is seen as a courteous and respectable approach to begin the day.

3. Sabah el noor ( صباح النور ) “Morning of the bright light”

The phrase “morning of light,” or “Sabah El Noor,” is used in response to “Sabah El Kheir” in everyday speech. In other words, it means wishing someone a happy morning and a productive start to the day. It is appropriate for both official and informal settings, particularly while spending time with close friends or family.

4. Yaseed sabahkom ( يسعد صباحكم ) ”May you have a nice morning”

A typical greeting that works well in both official and casual contexts is “Yaseed Sabahkom.” It means “Have a happy morning” or “May your morning be happier.”

This is yet another beloved dish from the region that exemplifies the warmth and giving that define daily encounters in the Arab culture. “Wa Sabahkom,” which means “and your morning,” is the customary reply to “Yaseed Sabahkom,” sending the same greetings back to the person who first greeted you.

5. Sabah al Yasmine (صباح الياسمين) “A morning full of jasmine”

In the Levant, “Sabah El-Yasmine” is a traditional morning greeting. The literal translation of the customary greeting is “A morning of Jasmine,” alluding to the flower that is widely grown throughout the Levantine countries. Usually, this unusual greeting is meant to show compassion and sensitivity. It is a casual greeting that is usually exchanged with close friends or romantic partners.

6. Sabah al ishta (صباح أل عشت) “A morning full of cream”

You’re probably starting to notice a trend with the various greetings by now. The mood of “Sabah El Ful” and “Sabah El-Yasmine” is echoed in “Sabah El-Ishta.” Another Egyptian Arabic morning greeting is “Sabah El Ishta.” Creamy cheese called ishta is used in Egyptian delicacies like qatayef. This popular greeting wishes individuals a lovely day by alluding to Ishta’s sweetness.

“Sabah El” expressions are frequently used in Arabic, and many Arab-speaking nations modify them by substituting a term that is well-known in their own nation for the final term. Some people make fun of the traditional good morning greeting by kidding about with phrases like “Sabah El Falafel” or “Sabah El Mutabal” in various nations.

7. Sabah el noum (صباح النوم) “Wakey, wakey”

An informal greeting akin to “Wakey Wakey” is “Sah El Noum.” It’s a playful approach to welcome someone who has arrived late for an early meeting or function or who is drowsy or exhausted. This phrase works best when spoken with close friends and relatives or members of your inner circle.

8. Yaseed sabahak (يسعد صباحك) “Have a happy morning”

A typical greeting that works well in both official and casual contexts is “Yaseed Sabahkom.” It means “Have a happy morning” or “May your morning be happier.”

This is yet another beloved dish from the region that exemplifies the warmth and giving that define daily encounters in the Arab culture. “Wa Sabahkom,” which means “and your morning,” is the customary reply to “Yaseed Sabahkom,” sending the same greetings back to the person who first greeted you.

• When addressing a man or brother, such as your father, a male friend, or any other man you meet, you use Yeseed Sabahak.
• When addressing any female you come across, whether it be your mother, sister, or a female friend, you utilize the phrase “Yeseed Sabahek.”
• When extending a greeting to two or more persons, such as when meeting up with a group of friends, use “Yeseed Sabahkom”!

9. Naharak Saa’id ( نهارك سعيد ) “May you have a happy or a good day”

Another way to say “Good Morning” in Arabic is “Naharak Saa’id,” which means “Your day is happy.” It is a wonderful approach to wish someone a happy day ahead of them and is often used in the Middle East. It’s a courteous method to strike up a discussion and works well in both formal and informal settings.

10.Sabah El-Ward

Another popular greeting that is similar to “Sabah El-Yasmine” is “Sabah El-Ward,” which translates to “A morning of flowers.” Similar feelings to “Sabah El-Yasmine”

11.Sabah El-Ful

Similar in sentiment to “Sabah El-Yasmine,” the Egyptian Arabic greeting “Sabah El-Ful” El-Ful is the Arabic Jasmine. A flower that is widely available in Egypt. Sabah El-Ful wa El-Yasmine, which roughly translates to “A morning of Arabian Jasmine & Jasmine” in English, is a combination of “Sabah El-Ful” and “Sabah El-Yasmine” that Egyptians occasionally use.

General Arabic greetings

Now that you have a good idea of how to say good morning in Arabic. Let’s look at some general greetings which can be used any time:

Ahlan Wa Sahlan

A common greeting that can be used at various times of the day and in the morning is Ahlan Wa Sahlan. It means “Welcome” and can be used in both casual and formal contexts. In nations where Arabic is spoken, it is customary to greet guests and extend a warm welcome. The phrase “halalta ahlan wa nazalta sahlan,” which translates to “You have come to a people who are like family and to a place that is smooth/easy,” is a typical greeting used to indicate hospitality in Arab culture.

As-Salam Alaikum

Since “As-Salam Alaikum” is used more frequently than most other Arabic expressions, it’s likely that many individuals have heard it. The customary Arabic greeting “As-Salam Alaikum” can be said at any time of day, including in the morning. It means “peace be upon you” and is a typical way for Arabic speakers to greet one another.

Manners of Greetings in Arabs

The manner in which you greet someone in Arabic is contingent upon several factors, including the time of day, the nature of your relationship, the person’s gender, and the location of the greeting.

We’ve already talked about the appropriate greetings to use at different times of the day. And now we’ll talk about how to greet someone based on their gender, relationship status, and location!

The most crucial thing to keep in mind is that, regardless of the nation. It is preferable to welcome a woman verbally if she is dressed in an Islamic manner. Taking into account that greetings in different places require different approaches.

• Generally, it’s sufficient to simply nod or greet them as previously mentioned. A woman donning a hijab won’t receive a physical greeting. If the other person is also of the same gender, you would shake hands and give them a kiss on the cheek or cheeks if you are buddies.
• Men can welcome each other by pressing noses, whereas women can greet each other with embraces and kisses (on the cheek or cheeks).
• Those of different genders do not physically welcome one another. The guy bows his head to meet women as well.

• You would give someone a single cheek kiss if you saw them frequently. You plant kisses on different cheeks if you haven’t seen someone in a long time.
• Typically, you would put your hand on your heart (palm facing your heart) or grin when you greet someone.

Final Thoughts

As you may have observed, there is an infinite number of greetings that can be used with these various sentences. Every occasion and every mood has a greeting.

Choose your favourite “Good Morning” sentence to impress your Arabic-speaking pals the next time you visit them. Then eagerly await their return to see what they have in store.

What is the difference between Similar Sounding Arabic Letters ظ -ز?

Both letters ظ and ز have similar sounds of but they are very different in many ways as discuss below.

Factors Differentiating Similar Sounds

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Similar Sounds Arabic Letters ظ -ز Tutorial

https://youtu.be/ND7cQDdSvcs

What is the difference between Similar Sounding Arabic Letters أ – آ ?

Actually alif and hmza are two interconverting letters which make them confusing.

Factors Differentiating Similar Letters

Similar Sounding Arabic Letters أ – آ Tutorial

https://youtu.be/0H-UOZXOuL0

What is the difference between Similar Sounding Arabic Letters ث – ص?

ث and ص have very similar sounds which make learners confuse. Following factors help learners to differentiate the two sounds.

Factors differentiating Similar Sounds.

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Similar Arabic Letters ث – ص Tutorial

https://youtu.be/Rl8Fc-UxvhE